NEPHROLITHIASIS- A REVIEW

Ayush Singh*, Priya, Rahul, Riya Sehgal, Rupinder Kaur, Sachit Sharma and Sukhmanbir Singh

ABSTRACT

Nephrolithiasis often initiate renal colic and a common problem across the globe. Producing stones in the renal region, bladder, and urethra lead to this chronic disorder i.e. nephrolithiasis. Stones present in the renal or urinary regions are mineral stones that are present in the renal calyces and renal pelvis generally seen an appended to the renal papillae. These stones that impede the renal pelvis those deal with unbearable, blinking pain that goes from the flank to the groin or to the genital area. Maximum amount of kidney stones are produced from the Calcium phosphate generally known as Randall’s plaques. There are various types of renal calculi that are composed of calcium (Ca2++). This is recognized as systemic pathology that may lead to end stage renal disease. This review is an effort to revitalize the concept of nephrolithiasis, basically work on its etiological parameters, pathophysiological pathways. This article also put light on medications that are accessible and utilizes in the therapeutics of nephrolithiasis and along with medications this review also discuss a part unique contemplations in pregnant women of nephrolithiasis.

Keywords: Kidney Stone, Nephrolithiasis, Kidney, crystal, hypercalciuria, calcium, urinary tract, drugs.