ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF ALBIZIA LEBBECK BENTH AGAINST CHLOROQUINE SENSITIVE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM 3D7 STRAIN
N. Sree Rekha, P.V.V. Satish, K. Somaiah, P. Brahmam and K. Sunita
ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of medicinal plant Albizia lebbeck against chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain and cytotoxicity against THP-1 cell line. The plant Albizia lebbeck was collected from Acharya Nagarjuna University Campus, Nagarjunanagar, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Crude extracts from dried leaves, leaf petiole and stem bark of Albizia lebbeck was prepared through soxhlet extraction using methanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous sequentially. These extracts were tested in vitro against laboratory adopted P. falciparum 3D7 strain. The crude extracts were also tested for their cytotoxicity against THP-1 cell line. The phytochemical screenings were also conducted with standard methods. The methanol extract of leaf and leaf petiole; ethyl acetate extract of leaf and stem bark showed IC50 values from 5-50 μg/mL with good antimalarial activity and were significant at P <0.05 and <0.001. The ethyl acetate extract of leaf petiole and the aqueous extract of stem bark showed IC50 values ranging from 50 to 100 μg/mL which shown mild activity. Out of all the extracts, the ethyl acetate extract of leaf (IC50 = 19.22 μg/mL) has shown excellent antimalarial activity. The aqueous extract of leaf and leaf petiole; methanol extract of stem bark were inactive. All the extracts were non toxic to THP-1 cells. The phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, carbohydrates, phenols, saponins, phlobatannins and steroids. It is concluded that the Ethyl acetate extract of leaf is potent for the development of antimalarial drugs.
Keywords: Albizia lebbeck, antiplasmodial activity, IC50, cytotoxic activity, selectivity index.
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