CHEMISTRY & BIOCHEMISTRY OF SULFA DRUGS: THE INHIBITOR OF DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHESIS IN-VIVO

Tirthoraj Dan, Aditya Narayan Singh and Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen*

ABSTRACT

Sulfonamide is a frictional group that is the basis of several groups of drugs, which are called sulphonamides, salfa drugs or sulpha drugs. The original antibacterial sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulphonamide group. Sulfonamide formulations are supplied as combination of products having two main components, a sulfonamide and the synthetic diaminopyrimidines, trimethoprim and ormethoprim. These combinations are made that it acts on specific targets in bacterial DNA synthesis. Sulfonamides inhibit the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthesis in the folic acid pathway. Sulfonamide antibiotics are used as veterinary medicines to treat infections in livestock herds. Moreover, sulfonamides are widely used such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity. Allergies to Sulfonamids are common. The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions to sulfa antibiotics is approximately 3%, close to penicillin, hence medications containing sulfonamides are prescribed carefully. Highest tissue concentrations of sulfonamide plus metabolites are found in the liver and kidney of various food-producing species, but the rather high rate of sulfonamide related violations in pig liver has decreased considerably over the past decades.

Keywords: Diaminopyrimidines, Trimethoprim, Ormethoprim, Dihydropteroate, Anticancer, Antiinflammatory, Antiviral.