THE PREVALENCE OF HIV, HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUSES AMONG ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY PATIENTS AT A DENTAL COLLEGE OF NORTH INDIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Dr. Shishir Mohan Devki, Dr. Venkatesh Balaji Hange* and Dr. Suhas Kamble

ABSTRACT

Background: The prevalence of blood borne viral infection is escalating worldwide. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibody (HCV-Ab) Screening among patients attended Department Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, K.D. Dental College &Hospital, Mathura during 2011 to December 2020. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among patients attending department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K.D. Dental College &Hospital, Mathura-281006, Uttarpradesh, India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on patients attending department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K.D. Dental College &Hospital, Mathura. A total of 3343 subjects were included in the study from January 2011 to December 2020. Subjects were tested for evidence of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibody (HCV-Ab). A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and personal data of each positive subject. Descriptive statistics were calculated using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Prevalence was calculated as percentages. Results: All positive cases were clinically asymptomatic. There were 6 positive cases for HIV, 72 positive cases for HBsAg and 12 positive cases for HCV were found. Among the studied sample, the prevalence of HIV, HCV-Ab and HBsAg were 6/3343 (0.17%), 12/2888 (0.415%) and 72/3319 (2.16%), respectively during a period of 9 years starting from 2011 to December 2020. Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infection in patients attending department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K.D. Dental College &Hospital, Mathura was comparable with those of reports from other parts of India. The reported prevalence rate of HBsAg ranges from 2.5% to 7.7% in various states of India. The prevalence of hepatitis B in our study 2.16% was comparable with those of reports from other parts of India. The HBV prevalence rate was higher than hepatitis C 0.415% & HIV 0.17%, that of previously reports The reported prevalence of HCV in our study was 0.415%. This was below the lower limit of nationwide recorded prevalence rate mentioned in review literature. Education and immunization should be initiated to target the high-risk groups. Furthermore, a community-based study is recommended to study the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in the population. The reported prevalence of HIV in our study was 0.17% which was in accordance with lower limit of India’s prevalence rate for HIV.

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