A REVIEW ON CHEMOTHERAPY OF COLON CANCER

Imad Ahmad*, Sindhu Gupta, Amresh Gupta, Amit K. Srivastava, Om Prakash Verma, Neelam Verma

ABSTRACT

The treatment of cancer began at the 20th century by developing prescript to screening of chemicals using transplantable tumors in rodents. Cancers were treated with one drug on a time. Now a mixture of 2–5 drugs is given in intermittent pulses to realize total tumor cell kill with most common side effects like Hair loss, loose motion, Infections etc. 10% – 15% of early-stage colon cancers harbor either deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) or POLE exonuclease domain mutations, and are characterized by high tumor mutational burden and increased lymphocytic infiltrate. Metastatic dMMR colon cancers are highly sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibition, and recent data show POLE-mutant tumors are similarly responsive. The „rise‟ of colorectal cancer in developed countries can be attributed to the increasingly ageing population, unfavorable modern dietary habits and an increase in risk factors such as smoking, low physical exercise and obesity. For these reasons, and the recognition that colorectal cancer is long preceded by a polypoid precursor, screening programs have gained momentum.

Keywords: Chemotherapy, colon cancer.