STUDY OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF FETUS AND ITS OUTCOME IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN BANGLADESH

Dr. Ayinur Nahar Hamid* and Dr. Tasrina Akhter

ABSTRACT

Background: Congenital anomalies of fetus are responsible for a remarkable portion of mortality and morbidity in newborns. There is no regional data regarding the incidence & pattern of CA in Chittagong or Bangladesh. So pregnant women with CA admitted in obstetrics department of this Chittagong Medical College Hospital was studied to determine their socio demographic status, pattern of congenital anomalies, maternal complication, mode of termination and risk factors associated with CA of fetus. Methodology: It is a prospective hospital based study of 50 patients who delivered or aborted congenital anomalous baby in labour ward of Chittagong Medical College from a period of January 2019 to December 2019. Data was collected in a preset questionnaire and was analysed and presented in tables. Results: Most of women (86%) were of age group 16 to 30 year.25(50%) women were from rural area, 25(50%) from urban area. 30 women (60%) were of low socio economic status, 20(40%) were of middle socio economic status. 38(76%) women had education below SSC. Majority (62%) of patients were unbooked and 74% were multipara. Most (76%) of CA were diagnosed at 26 to 30 wk of gestation or later on by USG(92%). Number of CA is single in 38(76%) cases and multiple in 12 (24%) cases. Most common involvement is CNS(64%) among which anencephaly is the highest followed by hydrocephalus. Most of the patients delivered vaginally (74%), only 26% women underwent Caesarean Section. Most of the deliveries occur within 24 hr of starting induction. Maternal complications are polyhydromnios, oligohydromnios, malpresentation, antepartum haemorrhage, prolong labour, postpartum haemorrhage. Babies born with congenital anomalies are mostly low birth weight (64%) and female (52%). Among risk factors of congenital anomalies, most common is fever in 1st trimester, drug ingestion in first trimester, Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusion: Early antenatal diagnosis of CA of fetus is necessary for effective intervention or safe termination of pregnancy.

Keywords: Congenital anomaly, polyhydromnios, haemorrhage, oligohydromnios.