PREVALENCE OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AND RETINOPATHY IN INDIAN TYPE 2 DIABETIC SUBJECTS ATTENDING TERTIARY DIABETES INSTITUTE

*Dr. R. Anil Kumar and Dr. R. B. Dinesh

ABSTRACT

Objective—the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy among Indian type 2 diabetic subjects attending a tertiary diabetic institute. Research Design and Methods—Type 2 diabetic subjects 500 in number were randomly selected from patients attending Karnataka institute of endocrinology and research over 6 months. Microalbuminuria was estimated by immunoturbidometric assay and diagnosed if albumin excretion was between 30 and 299 μg/mg of creatinine, and overt nephropathy was diagnosed if albumin excretion was ≥300 μg/mg of creatinine in the presence of diabetic retinopathy, which was assessed by stereoscopic retinal color photography. Results—the prevalence of overt nephropathy was 6%. Microalbuminuria was present in 22.2%. Duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, FPG,PPPG,HBA1C, serum creatinine and e GFR levels had correlations with prevalence of diabetic nephropathy. Chronic kidney disease distribution was stage 1-65.8%, stage2-28%, stage3-5.4%, stage4-0.6% and stage5-0.2%. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 33.2%. Duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, FPG, PPPG, albuminuria, serum creatinine and e GFR levels had correlations with diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions - the results of the study suggest that in Asian Indians, the prevalence of overt nephropathy and microalbuminuria was 6 and 22.2% respectively; prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 33.2%. Achieving HBA1c and blood pressure target are main factors in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Microalbuminuria was present in 22.2% of diabetes subjects; by suitable intervention at this stage we can prevent development of overt nephropathy.

Keywords: Nephropathy, Retinopathy, Microalbuminuria.