CLINICAL AND METABOLIC CONSEQUENCES IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS

Dr. Kushvanth K. N., Dr. Gurpreet Kaur Dhillon, MD, *Dr. Harpreet Singh Dhillon, MD and Dr. Shibu Sasidharan, MD, DNB, MNAMS

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is on the rise especially in women of Asian ethnicity. GDM carries with it multitude of feto-maternal complications, the management of which is still a challenge in developing countries. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective case control study conducted with 100 neonates to compare clinical outcomes and metabolic profiles in neonates of diabetic mothers compared to neonates of non-diabetic mothers over a period of two years. Results: The mothers in GDM group had 66% emergency lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) compared to 32% in Non-GDM group (p=0.001). The infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) had statistically significant higher percentage of preterm births, NICU admission, Hyperbilirubinemia, Hypoglycemia and Polycythemia. The anthropometric and cord blood parametres (Haemoglobin, Hematocrit, Platelet, Calcium and Bilirubin) were comparable in both the groups. Conclusion: GDM poses significant risks to both mother and neonate, however optimal glycemic control and meticulous monitoring and treatment protocols can reduce the incidence of certain known complications.

Keywords: Gestational Diabetes mellitus, Infants of diabetic mothers, Caesarean section, Macrosomia, Case-control study.