A CLINICO- EPIDIMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN AT BENGHAZI CHILDREN HOSPITAL-2018

Jebril S. ElAbidi*, Najia Alorofy, Mabrouka A. M. Bofarraj, Abdalla Saad Abdalla Al-Zawi and Najwa H. Abduljawad

ABSTRACT

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is most common chronic renal disease in children, characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia (albumin <25gm/dl), oedema and hypercholesterolemia. It occurs due to alterations of permselectivity at the glomerular capillary wall, resulting in its inability to restrict the urinary loss of protein. Aims: This study was undertaken to explore the different patterns of nephrotic syndrome in Paediatric age group in Benghazi area (Libya) during the year 2018 and to assess clinical presentation, associated complications, investigative profile as well as evaluate the therapeutic response in the cohort. Patients and methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted, the clinical data was retrieved from archival files of 86 children with NS who were hospitalized during the year of 2018. Results: Data of 86 nephrotic syndrome Libyan child were analyzed, 69.76 % male and 30.2% are female. The affected children belong mainly to the age group 1-10 years (76.7%). The dominant type of NS was steroid sensitive (SSNS) 83% of the cases, while steroid resistant type (SRNS) in 3.4%.The most repeatedly encountered pattern is infrequent relapse NS (IFRNS) 62.79 %, where the frequent relapse pattern NS (FRNS) 3.4% and the steroid dependent NS (SDNS) in 16.2% . Respiratory infection is the most common predisposing factor (32.2%) and it may be associated with Hypertension in 19.8% , peritonitis in 17 %,seizure in 15.1%, vomiting in 9.3 % , gross hematuria in 2.3% and impaired renal function 17.4%. Conclusion: The epidemiological criteria and classification of NS are comparable to the published data. Respiratory infection is the most common predisposing factor for relapses The relapse-specific interventions can reduce the associated morbidity and ultimately improve the management outcome as well as child’s life quality.

Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome, Steroid Sensitive, Resistant, Dependent, Relapse, proteinuria, Children.