THREE MUSKETEERS OF PAIN PRECURSORS AND THEIR REMEDY

Kushal Nandi and Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen*

ABSTRACT

Pain is unwanted symptom of body malfunction which is not desired by anyone. It is of two types: superficial & neurogenic. Pain is generated by three biogenic precursors: prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes. All three are C-20 carbon units having free carboxylic acid units which stimulate cyclooxygenase enzymatic pathway to produce sensation of pain. Feeling of pain is at nerve endings as superficial and generation from spinal cord to produce neurogenic pain. Pain produce inflammation which accumululate body fluids at a particular segment produce swelling and redness due to discharge of histamines to feel the sensation of pain. Pain can be controlled by two types of analgesic drugs: opioids and non-opioids. Generally morphine derivatives come in opioid analgesic and salicylates come under NSAIDs as non-opioids. Analgesic agents block arachidonic acid pathway by blocking phospholipase A2 to block the further process in prostaglandin synthase, lipoxygenase and thromboxane synthase pathways to block the biosynthesis of COX1 & COX2 isozymes, LTAs & TXA and TXB.

Keywords: Pain, Allodynia Pain, Phantom Pain, Asymbolia Pain, Idiopathic Pain, Nociceptive Pain, Neuropathic Pain, Visceral Pain, Nociplastic Pain, Pain Precursors, Eicosanoids, Arachidonic acid, Prostaglandin, Thromboxane, Leukotriene.