FEATURES OF REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS IN WOMEN WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM AND HYPERTHYROIDISIS

*A. L. Amilova, G. D. Narimova and H. K. Nasyrova

ABSTRACT

This article examined the features of the problems of the relationship of reproductive disorders in women of reproductive age with thyroid gland pathologies. Material and methods. 220 women of reproductive age were examined, of which 78 (35.4%) were taken for research with various reproductive disorders. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the hormonal activity of the thyroid gland. Group 1 (33) of patients with hypothyroidism of various etiologies and group 2 (45) of patients with hyperthyroidism. The complex of laboratory and clinical examinations included: anamnesis, examination; clinical and biochemical research methods; a study in the blood plasma of hormones (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, St.T3, St. T 4, antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (AT-TPO); luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, progesterone, testosterone); ultrasound of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland), mammary glands, pelvic organs; fine needle thyroid biopsy, pituitary MRI. The aim of the study was to study the features of the problems of the relationship of reproductive disorders in women of childbearing age with thyroid gland pathologies. Results. A comparative analysis of various pathologies of reproductive function in both clinical groups showed that menstrual dysfunction in the first clinical group was dominated by oligomenorrhea - 30%, and in the second group, opsenomenorrhea - 24% and dysmenorrhea-24.4%. In women with hypothyroidism (12%), I degree galactorrhea was detected. In the second group, pathology of the cervix was detected in 27% with a predominance of pseudo-erosion (33.3%), and in 12.5% - uterine fibroids. The presence of chronic salpingoophoritis was detected in 47.5%, cystic changes in the ovaries in 27% of women of the first clinical group. Conclusions. In women with a deficiency of thyroid hormones, a decrease in the pituitary gonadotropic function occurs with the development of hyperprolactinemia, a decrease in steroidogenesis, and a deficiency of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. With hyperthyroidism in women, hyperestrogenism is observed, which, according to the feedback mechanism, leads to a decrease in the concentration of FSH. At the same time, the level of progesterone remains quite low due to a decrease in the sensitivity of ovarian tissues to luteinizing hormone in conditions of FSH deficiency.

Keywords: Thyroid gland, reproductive disorders, hormonal changes.