DIABETES MELLITUS AND PERIODONTAL DISEASES; A TWO WAY RELATIONSHIP

Angad Singh, Sargun Singh and Kawaljit Kaur*

ABSTRACT

People with diabetes have a higher than normal risk of periodontal diseases. On the other hand, gum disease can often be the first sign of diabetes. Periodontal diseases are caused by dental plaque which consists of colorless soft sticky film of saliva, food particles and bacteria. These bacteria produce toxic substances that cause inflammation of gums. Chronic Periodontitis impairs the body‟s ability to utilize insulin whereas insulin resistance makes it difficult to achieve and sustain optimal glycemic control resulting in hyperglycemia. Poor glycemic control causes increased susceptibility to re-infection and more severe periodontal disease. That is why the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is sometimes referred to as a two-way path. Prevention and control of periodontal disease just like optimal glycemic control is essential in the medical management of diabetes. There is a need for appropriate health education as good oral health is important for diabetic individuals.

Keywords: Diabetes, Gingivitis, Periodontal Diseases, Oral health, Gum diseases.