ATOMIC ORBITALS MIX BY QUANTUM MECHANICS THROUGH HYBRIDIZATION

Arpita Biswas, Priyanka Chandra, *Prof. Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen and Prof. Dr. Beduin Mahanti

ABSTRACT

Hybridization is defined as the concept of mixing two atomic orbitals with the same energy levels to give a degenerated new type of orbitals. This intermixing is based on quantum mechanics. The atomic orbitals of the same energy level can only take part in hybridization and both full filled and half–filled orbitals can also take part in this process provided they have equal energy. In chemistry, orbital hybridization (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory. Hybrid orbitals are very useful in the explanation of molecular geometry and atomic bonding properties and are symmetrically disposed in space. Although sometimes taught together with the valence shell electron–pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, valence bond and hybridization are in fact not related to the VSEPR model.

Keywords: Atomic orbital, Molecular orbital, LCAO, VSEPR, s–orbital, p–orbital, d–orbital, f–orbital, Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds, Hydrogen Bonds, Polar Bonds.