ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF MARANTHES GLABRA (OLIV.) BARKS EXTRACTS, AND PHENOLIC PROFILE OF CRUDE EXTRACT

Epa C.*, Moulari B., Okiemy Akeli M. G., Ampa R., Etou Ossibi A. W., Moudilou O. C. P., Agbonon Amegnona, Attibayeba, Ongoka P. R. and Abena A. A.

ABSTRACT

Maranthes glabra known under the vernacular name "Yandza teke" is a medicinal plant of the family Chrysobalanaceae, widely used in traditional medicine in Congo. In the present work, three extracts have been prepared from the bark of this plant: ethanolic, hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts. The aqueous extract was administered to normoglycemic albino wistar rats, in temporary hyperglycemia after glucose overload and made diabetic by administration to the penis dorsal vein of streptozotocin at 50 mg / kg body weight. The results showed that after 2 hours, basal blood glucose levels in normal rats significantly increased from 0.86 ± 0.05 to 0.75 ± 0.05 g / L at 500 mg / kg of aqueous extract, and from the third hour, aqueous extract at 200 mg / kg induces a significant blood glucose level decrease (P <0.05). The oral glucose tolerance test showed hyperglycemia in rats one hour later. This hyperglycemia was expressed mainly in the control rats that received distilled water, compared to rats treated with glibenclamide and at different extract concentrations. The aqueous extract of Maranthes glabra therefore has the ability to protect animals against hyperglycemia. Glycemic monitoring of diabetic rats revealed that there was a significant (P <0.05) and / or more marked (P <0.01) reduction in blood glucose up to the third hour for both extract concentrations (200 and 500mg / kg). The antioxidant evaluation by the DPPH method indicated that the ethanolic extract had a good antioxidant efficiency exceeding (IC50 = 0.195 ± 0.001 mg / ml) that of gallic acid (IC50 = 0.234 ± 0.000 mg / ml) because of the lower concentration. The chemical screening of bark made by standard colorimetric reactions has shown the richness of these in different chemical families. And the quantitative evaluation of polyphenols and total flavonoids by the colorimetric method showed that the three types of extracts are rich in these phenolics.

Keywords: Maranthes glabra extracts, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity.