A REVIEW ON NOVEL APROACHES FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS

Prince Srajal*, Shalini Kesharwani, Vidyakant Kushwaha, Vivek Dwivedi, Shahnawaz Sameem, Suresh Kumar Nair

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Approximately one third population of the world is infected by M. tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis was first identified by Robert Koch in 1882. Although TB usually affects the lungs but it also affects other organ such as kidneys, spine and brain. The major symptoms of TB are persistent cough with or without expectorant, loss of appetite, intermittent fever, weight loss, chest pain and haemoptysis. More complicated and common Mtb infection is coinfection with HIV due to drug-drug interaction. Currently the drugs that are used for the treatment of TB include rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and streptomycin. These drugs associated with one or more limitations like duration, complexity of treatment, adverse reaction, efficacy and toxicity of second line drugs etc. that cause patient compliance. A number of new molecules such as diarylquinaline (TMC-207), oxazolidionones (PNU-100480, linezolid), ethylenediamine (SQ-109), pyrroles (LL-3358) and nitroimidapyran (OPC-67683, PA-824) have exhibited potent anti-bacterial properties in vitro and are in various clinical stages of development.

Keywords: diarylquinaline (TMC-207), oxazolidionones (PNU-100480, linezolid), ethylenediamine (SQ-109).