TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN IN TOAMASINA MADAGASCAR

Arthur Bien Aimé Ratsimbazafy, Andry Maharo Andrianarivelo*, Todisoa Andriatahiana, Stéphan Hery, Norotiana Rabesandratana

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by a germ called Mycobacterium tuberculosis or “Kock Bacillus (KB)”.[1] Tuberculosis is one of the illnesses caused by a unique deadliest infectious agent in the world. A goal of this work was to describe the epidemiology of pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) and non-pulmonary tuberculosis (NPT) in children. It is a descriptive and retrospective study concerning the cases of tuberculosis observed in 3 Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of the town of Toamasina Madagascar. The study has been done in a period of 24 months from January 2014 to December 2015. All the children from 0 to 15 years old having been objected of request of tuberculosis research were included. We have compiled 153 cases of tuberculosis that 14 cases of pulmonary and non-pulmonary tuberculosis associated. We have recovered 101 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (66.01%) in which 41 children pulmonary tuberculosis on positive microscopy, 46 children pulmonary tuberculosis on negative microscopy, 5 cases of pleura localization and 9 cases of miliary. The average year of tuberculosis children were 6.81. Sixty six cases of non-pulmonary tuberculosis (33.99%) have been diagnosed. Among the NPT, ganglionnary tuberculosis was the most common in 27 cases (40.91%). The AFB sputum represents the most common means of diagnosis in 41 cases (26.80%). Most of the children (115) struck by tuberculosis were malnourished (75.16%) with p<0.05. The tuberculosis profile in infant in Toamasina is not in much important way different from the data of the literature except in the level of type that we noted a female predominance. Infant tuberculosis is still of actuality, reaching all ages especially in developing country. Malnutrition is obvious in here which is a social problem to which global and radical solution must be imposed.

Keywords: Tuberculosis - Children - Epidemiology – Toamasina.