EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF
PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH

( An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal )

An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical, Medical & Biological Sciences

An Official Publication of Society for Advance Healthcare Research (Reg. No. : 01/01/01/31674/16)

European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research (EJPMR) has indexed with various reputed international bodies like : Google Scholar , Indian Science Publications , InfoBase Index (In Process) , SOCOLAR, China , Research Bible, Fuchu, Tokyo. JAPAN , International Society for Research activity (ISRA) , Scientific Indexing Services (SIS) , Polish Scholarly Bibliography , Global Impact Factor (GIF) (Under Process) , Universal Impact Factor , International Scientific Indexing (ISI), UAE  , Index Copernicus , CAS (A Division of American Chemical Society) USA (Under Process) , Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ, Sweden, in process) , UDLedge Science Citation Index , CiteFactor , Directory Of Research Journal Indexing (DRJI) , Indian citation Index (ICI) , Journal Index (JI, Under Process) , Directory of abstract indexing for Journals (DAIJ) , Open Access Journals (Under Process) , Impact Factor Services For International Journals (IFSIJ) , Cosmos Impact Factor , Jour Informatics (Under Process) , Eurasian Scientific Journal Index (ESJI) , International Innovative Journal Impact Factor (IIJIF) , Science Library Index, Dubai, United Arab Emirates , Pubmed Database [NLM ID: 101669306] (Under Process) , IP Indexing (IP Value 2.40) , Web of Science Group (Under Process) , Directory of Research Journals Indexing , Scholar Article Journal Index (SAJI) , International Scientific Indexing ( ISI ) , Scope Database , Academia , 

 ISSN 2394-3211

Impact Factor: 7.065

 ICV - 79.57

Abstract

THE IMPACT OF APELIN LIGAND BINDING ON APJ RECEPTOR ON THE VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF METABOLISM and HOMEOSTASIS

Nihal Abdallah Ibrahim*

ABSTRACT

Apelin is identified as an endogenous ligand of the apelin receptor (APJ). APJ is a member of the G protein- coupled receptor family. The apelinergic system; apelin and its receptor APJ; are expressed in a wide variety of tissues including the heart, the kidneys and the lungs. Apelin is also synthesised and released by the adipocytes as an adipokine which has an important impact in obesity, glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. Apelin and the APJ are also expressed in the hypothalamo- hypophysial system for regulation of fluid homeostasis and in the hypothalamo-hypophysial- adrenal axis for stress control. Their interaction may have relevant pathophysiologic effects in those tissues. In this review we have presented the structure, and regulation of apelin and its receptor. We have also explained the various roles played by apelin in human physiology, homeostasis and its probable involvement in the pathogenesis of high prevalent diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, obesity, fluid imbalance, anxiety and depression. This involvement ranked it as a target for various therapeutic implications.

Keywords: Apelin, APJ receptor (APJR), G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), Inotropic effect, vasodilator effect.


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Google Scholar Indian Science Publications InfoBase Index (In Process) SOCOLAR, China Research Bible, Fuchu, Tokyo. JAPAN International Society for Research activity (ISRA) Scientific Indexing Services (SIS) Polish Scholarly Bibliography Global Impact Factor (GIF) (Under Process) Universal Impact Factor International Scientific Indexing (ISI), UAE Index Copernicus CAS (A Division of American Chemical Society) USA (Under Process) Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ, Sweden, in process) UDLedge Science Citation Index CiteFactor Directory Of Research Journal Indexing (DRJI) Indian citation Index (ICI) Journal Index (JI, Under Process) Directory of abstract indexing for Journals (DAIJ) Open Access Journals (Under Process) Impact Factor Services For International Journals (IFSIJ) Cosmos Impact Factor Jour Informatics (Under Process) Eurasian Scientific Journal Index (ESJI) International Innovative Journal Impact Factor (IIJIF) Science Library Index, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Pubmed Database [NLM ID: 101669306] (Under Process) IP Indexing (IP Value 2.40) Web of Science Group (Under Process) Directory of Research Journals Indexing Scholar Article Journal Index (SAJI) International Scientific Indexing ( ISI ) Scope Database Academia