NANOBOTS IN ROOT CANAL DISINFECTION: CURRENT CONCEPTS, CLINICAL POTENTIAL, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Dr. Bharath Makonahalli Jaganath, Dr. Sahadev Chickmagaravalli Krishnegowda, Dr. Sandeep Rudranaik, Dr. Raghu kachenahalli Narasimhaiah, Dr. Rakshith Jayanna, *Dr. Mandara Badakere Shivananda

ABSTRACT

Effective removal of microorganisms from the intricate root canal system is essential for successful root canal treatment. Nevertheless, traditional chemomechanical preparation frequently fails to fully disinfect hard-to-reach anatomical regions like lateral canals, isthmuses, apical ramifications, and dentinal tubules, leading to persistent infections and treatment failure.[1,2] Recent developments in nanotechnology have brought forth nanobots as a groundbreaking solution to address these challenges. These tiny devices are capable of maneuvering through complex canal structures, accessing dentinal tubules, breaking down microbial biofilms, and precisely administering antimicrobial agents to infected areas.[3,4] In contrast to traditional irrigants that mainly rely on passive diffusion, magnetically driven nanobots can be controlled from outside to obtain precise disinfection while reducing harm to adjacent tissues.[5] Besides mechanically disrupting biofilms, nanobots improve antimicrobial effectiveness through localized drug administration, thus decreasing bacterial survival and the chance of reinfection. Experimental research has shown encouraging outcomes in enhancing root canal cleaning and removing resilient microbes, yet clinical use is still constrained due to concerns regarding biocompatibility, complexity in manufacturing, expenses, regulatory clearance, and long-term safety.[6-8] Continued investigations on biodegradable nanobots, smart navigation technologies, and enhanced magnetic control are anticipated to aid their eventual incorporation into endodontic procedures. This review outlines the existing ideas, mechanisms of action, uses, benefits, drawbacks, and future possibilities of nanobots focused on root canal disinfection.

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