ANIMAL DIVERSITY: THREATS AND CONSERVATION MEASURES IN THE BUNDELKHAND REGION

*Dr. Mukesh Kumar Napit, Dr. Anjana Choudhary, Prof. Anisha Soni, Prof. Richa Silikar

ABSTRACT

Animal diversity is a key component of ecosystem stability and sustainable development. The Bundelkhand region of Central India spread across UP and MP supports a variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and insects. The region supports a diverse assemblage of vertebrate and invertebrate fauna despite recurrent droughts, rocky terrain, and increasing anthropogenic pressures. However Rapid Habitat degradation, deforestation, mining, climate change, water scarcity and human- wildlife conflict have severely affected its faunal diversity. These factors have contributed to declining wildlife populations and degradation of natural habitats. Conservation of biodiversity in this region therefore requires an integrated approach involving habitat restoration, scientific wildlife monitoring, landscape level planning, community participation, environmental education, and effective implementation of national wildlife legislation. The study highlights the ecological significance of protected forests, river system, wetlands, and community managed landscapes in maintaining biodiversity. The findings demonstrate that sustainable conservation in Bundelkhand depends upon balancing ecological protection with socio – economic development. Strengthening habitat connectivity, improving watershed management, reducing anthropogenic disturbances, and encouraging community based conservation programmes are essential for maintaining the ecological integrity of this unique semi-arid landscape. This paper reviews the major threats to animal diversity in Bundelkhand region and proposes practical conservation measures to sustainable biodiversity management. Recent studies also document the declining populations of vultures, Cliff dwelling Bird and Habitat specific bat in the region.

Keywords: Animal diversity, Biodiversity, Conservation, Bundelkhand, Wildlife, Habitat loss, Climat change.