PERSONALITY DISORDER: CLASSIFICATION, ETIOLOGY, DIAGONSIS, TREATMENT, RECENT ADVANCES

Vidhi Jain*, Yash Gade, Siddhi Dalvi, Sharda Kulkarni, Sarang Kulkarni

ABSTRACT

Although personality disorder is a persistent and widespread mental illness that is characterized by a persistent pattern of inner experience and behavior that significantly deviates from an individual's cultural norms, it even though its prevalence continues to be minimized in international epidemiological data. To the best of our knowledge, no thorough synthesis has used population-representative data to measure the prevalence, mortality, or diagnostic stability of personality disorder worldwide. In order to facilitate future burden of disease modeling, our goal was to close these gaps. Personality disorders (PDs) are persistent, rigid patterns of behavior, thought, and inner experience that significantly impede or cause suffering and diverge from cultural norms. This piece provides a comprehensive evaluation of classification, epidemiology, and etiology, contrasting traditional categorical systems like the DSM-5 with modern dimensional frameworks such as the ICD-11 and AMPD. Clinical aspects, diagnosis, and therapy of personality disorders. In particular, psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies such dialectical behavior therapy, mentalization-based therapy, and schema therapy are highlighted in the review. Pharmacological tactics as supplemental tools are also covered. The social, cultural, and ethical aspects of identifying and treating PDs—such as stigma, cultural prejudice, gender inequality, and care barriers—are given particular focus.

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