A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC)

Snehal Dattatray Domale*, Gauri Patil, Rajendra Patil

ABSTRACT

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is one of the most extensively utilized analytical techniques used for the separation, identification, and quantification of compounds in complex mixtures. owing to its high sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, and versatility, HPLC has become an indispensable tool in pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, biomedical, environmental, food, and forensic analyses. The technique operates on the differential distribution of analytes between a stationary phase and a mobile phase under high pressure, resulting in efficient separation of components. Continuous advancements in column technology, detector systems, and data-processing software have significantly improved chromatographic performance and analytical throughout. Recent developments such as ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), hyphenated techniques, and automated systems have further expanded the applications of HPLC in modern analytical laboratories. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, instrumentation, operational mechanisms, and analytical applications of HPLC, highlighting its significance in contemporary scientific research and quality-control practices.

Keywords: HPLC, Chromatographic Separation, Pharmaceutical Analysis, UHPLC, Quality Control.