IMPACT OF HEADPHONES AND IN-EARBUDS ON HEARING PERCEPTION AND KARNANADA (TINNITUS) AMONG YOUNG ADULTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Dr. Sapna*, Dr. Shridev Phondani

ABSTRACT

Background: The widespread adoption of personal audio devices (PADs), particularly headphones and in-earbuds, has increased the risk of recreational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and tinnitus among young adults. Ayurveda describes similar auditory manifestations under Karnanada and Badhirya. Aim: To evaluate the impact of headphones and in-earbuds on hearing perception and Karnanada among young adults. Materials and Methods: An observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 young adults aged 18–35 years using questionnaires, otoscopic examination, and Pure Tone Audiometry. Results: In-earbud users demonstrated significantly higher hearing thresholds and greater prevalence of tinnitus compared with headphone users. Conclusion: Prolonged use of personal audio devices, especially in-earbuds at high volume, is associated with early auditory dysfunction and Karnanada.

Keywords: Karnanada, Tinnitus, Badhirya, Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, Headphones, Earbuds, Shalakya Tantra, Ayurveda.