A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CISPLATIN: FROM CHEMICAL EVOLUTION TO ADVANCED THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

Kestin K. Sabu, Dhanush Kumar S., Kirthiga A., Dr. Arya M. S.*, Dr. Amal A.*

ABSTRACT

Cisplatin is a commonly used platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent that is effective in treating cancers such as lung, ovarian, and testicular malignancies; it primarily acts by binding to DNA, forming adducts, and inhibiting cell division while inducing apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways; it also generates oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species, contributing to tumour cell death; additionally, cisplatin influences important cellular signalling pathways, with nephrotoxicity being the most common dose-limiting toxicity. Drug resistance is still a significant problem because of decreased drug accumulation, improved DNA repair, and drug inactivation; combination therapies with other anticancer medications have been used to improve treatment outcomes; sophisticated drug delivery systems like nanoparticles and liposomal formulations help enhance efficacy and reduce side effects; and future approaches like targeted therapy and artificial intelligence-based optimisation aim to improve safety, precision, and overall therapeutic effectiveness.

Keywords: Cisplatin, Antineoplastic Agents, Mechanism of Action, Nephrotoxicity, Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Uses, Resistances.