INTRANASAL GEL TO TREAT PARKINSON DISEASE

Daiwakshi Shandil*, Sahil Kaushal, Prachee Prasher

ABSTRACT

Parkinson disease the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neuron in substantial nigra results in the depletion of striatum dopamine.[1] The symptoms of this disease are classified into motor and non-motor symptoms. The motor symptoms in this includes muscle tension, shaking, rigidity, difficulty in walking or even in performing basic activities.[2] The non motor symptoms consist of memory loss, personality change, urinary and stool incontinence and dementia these symptoms are mostly seen in elderly population.[3] The diagnosis or the detection of Parkinson disease is done by bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity and loss of postural reflexes. Some other diagnostic measure for the clinical factors is bulbar dysfunction, neuro ophthalmological abnormalities and respiratory distribution.[4] The treatment is further characterized in to three groups. That are pharmacological treatment encompasses levodopa, carbidopa, dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitor, COMT inhibitor, anti -cholinergic and amantadine.[5] The non-pharmacological treatment comprises of physical, occupational, speech and nutritional therapy and exercises.[6] The last treatment form is surgery process that includes DBS (improves electrodes in subthalamic nucleus) and lesioning surgery (small lesion create targeted area of brain to disrupt abnormal drug activity).[7] Due to these traditional routes of administration or mode of treatment many difficulties were faced like difficulty in penetrating the BBB (blood brain barrier) and CSF (blood-cerebrospinal fluid), extensive first pass metabolism, enzymatical degradation, organ toxicity etc.[8]

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