PREVALENCE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AMONG PATIENTS VISITING GENERAL HOSPITAL MISAU

Toheeb Ayodeji Sodiq*, Haruna Munkaila, Makuochukwu Collins Mbah, Rodney Somtochukwu Ezenma, Iruoma Chiamaka Osonwa, Edward Donkor, Comfort Agbozo

ABSTRACT

Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by hyper-responsiveness and recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, and chest tightness. While its pathophysiology is well-documented, localized prevalence data is crucial for improving regional clinical management. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of bronchial asthma among patients at General Hospital Misau between 2019 and 2023. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using patient records documented over a five-year period (2019–2023). Demographic data, clinical signs, and patient triggers were analyzed to identify prevalence patterns and symptom distribution among adults. Results: The study identified a higher prevalence of bronchial asthma among females, who accounted for 54.55% of the cases. Age-specific analysis revealed that the 18–25 age group was the most affected; within this cohort, cough was the most common clinical sign (37.78%), followed by shortness of breath (6.67%) and wheezing (4.44%). For patients aged 26–40. Across the study population, the most frequent symptoms and triggers included cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest pain or tightness. Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant prevalence of asthma among young adults and females in the Misau region. The predominance of cough as a primary symptom suggests a need for heightened diagnostic vigilance. These results provide a baseline for improving respiratory care and resource allocation at General Hospital Misau.

Keywords: Bronchial asthma, Prevalence, Misau, Nigeria, Clinical characteristics, Retrospective study.