INNOVATIVE NANOCARRIER FOR BRAIN DRUG DELIVERY: MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS AND TRANSLATIONAL CHALLENGES

P. Devaraj , S. Vanitha*, R. Sambathkumar, S. Allimalarkodi, S. Revathi

ABSTRACT

The Blood brain bar
rier is a selective protective barrier that nearly all macromolecular therapies and more than
ninety eight percent of small molecules cannot cross. The structure is maintained by the neurovascular unit, which
is composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, an d astrocytes joined by tight junctions that restrict paracellular transit.
To address this issue, nanocarriers have demonstrated promise as efficient delivery systems for medications that
target the brain. Liposomes, exosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, den drimers, and biomimetic nanoparticles are the
five primary categories of nanocarriers. Passive diffusion, carrier mediated transport, receptor mediated
transcytosis, and adsorptive mediated transcytosis are some of the methods by which these carriers can m ove
through the blood brain barrier. In actuality, they can be used to treat neurological disorders including Parkinson's
and Alzheimer's disease, strokes, brain tumours, and traumatic brain injury. Their effectiveness is mostly
determined by their size, charge, shape, and surface modifications with specific ligands such as transferrin or
polyethylene glycol. However, there are still problems with immunological clearance, instability, low penetration
efficiency, a nd potential neurotoxicity. Future research will focus on improving nanocarrier design, increasing
targeting specificity, and addressing regulatory issues in order to implement these innovative brain targeted
therapies.

Keywords: Blood brain barrier, Nano carrier, Mechanism, Neurological Disorders..