AMINO ACIDS BASED SULPHONAMIDES AND THEIR HYBRIDIZATION WITH SUBSTITUTED PIPERAZINE AND METRONIDAZOLE DRUG; SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION BY 1H NMR, 13C NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND PHYSICAL PARAMETERS

Sana Khadim, Kanwal Batool, Mahrukh Malik*, Syeda Sohaila Naz

ABSTRACT

Sulfonamide and carboxamide functionalities are vital in the development of bioactive molecules due to their broad pharmacological relevance. In this study, a series of amino acid-based sulfonamides were synthesized and further hybridized with metronidazole and substituted piperazine to enhance antibacterial activity. The synthetic approach involved ester and amide linkages using carbodiimide-mediated coupling reactions in the presence of DMAP. The target molecules were obtained in moderate to good yields and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and physical parameters. These novel hybrids were designed based on the molecular hybridization strategy to potentially overcome resistance mechanisms and enhance drug-like properties. The chemical diversity introduced through different R-groups is expected to contribute toward improved antimicrobial efficacy. The synthesized compounds are promising candidates for further biological evaluation against bacterial strains.

Keywords: Sulfonamides; Carboxamides; Amino acids; Metronidazole; Substituted piperazine; Molecular hybridization; Antibacterial agents; Esterification; Amide bond formation; EDC/DMAP coupling; NMR spectroscopy; Antimicrobial resistance; Drug design; Bioactive mole