HEPATITIS B VACCINE FAILURE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF GENETIC, IMMUNOLOGICAL, AND BEHAVIORAL CONTRIBUTORS TO NON-IMMUNITY, POST HEPATITIS B VACCINATION
Dr. Lukong Hubert Shalanyuy*, Pr Samje Moses, Dr. Tanlaka Lucas Mengnjo, Wam Elvis Chongsi,
Leonard Nyuyseni Randze, Gewun Braindaline, Dor Mari Claire Wiydzerla, Lukong Jude Thaddeus Veranso, Fongum Evans Kobbi
ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global public health problem despite highly effective vaccines. While most recipients develop protective anti-HBs antibody titres (≥10 mIU/mL), a minority fail to seroconvert, posing risks for ongoing transmission. This systematic review quantified the prevalence of hepatitis B vaccine non-response and evaluated genetic, immunological, behavioral, and clinical determinants. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, African Index Medicus, and gray literature up to November 2025. Eligible studies included RCTs, cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, and genetic association studies reporting post-vaccination anti-HBs titres. Non-response was defined as anti-HBs
Keywords: While most recipients develop protective anti-HBs antibody titres (?10 mIU/mL), a minority fail to seroconvert, posing risks for ongoing transmission.
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