A REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF JUSTICIA PICTA

Mohd. Shuaev*

ABSTRACT

Introduction: From an ancient time, most of the population of the world are used to depends on natural herbs or plants according to world health organization (WHO) about 80% of the world’s population still using natural resources for health maintenance,[1] and we all know that natural plant is the primary sources before drug development and one of the reasons is easily assessable and affordable source of raw material for drug development. And the medicinal plant has a sun shine future because millions of plants around the world with their excellent medicinal properties some are investigated and most of them under research. and many people thinks that medicinal plant are safer to synthetic medicines fort curing the disease.[2,3] they have been used to treat pathogenic conditions since hundreds of years. This review is on about graptophyllum pictum which is commonly known as justicia picta, caricature plant, Waimea caricature plant, black adulsa (dark leave variety), white adulsa (variegated variety).[4] graptophyllum pictum, it is grown as an evergreen shrub and the height of the plant is up to 6-9 feet tall belonging to the family Acanthaceae (acanthus family) and its full sun to part shade and the leaves in shape are oval to elliptic, variegated with green pink, cream and some time with purple markings. And the flower is reddish-purple tubular flower in cluster and 3-4 cm long and bloom in summer.[5] The plant is ornamental and grows profusely during the raining season in the tropic region of the world.[9] The plant is generally found in India, Papua New Guinea, Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica, Mexico, United States, Ghana, Bolivia, Ecuador, and gown as an ornamental plant in gardens.[10,11] G. pictum is pharmacologically used in for various health problems such as constipation, rheumatism, scabies, urinary infection, hemorrhoid, maturing boil process, swelling, smoothing skins wounds, hepatomegaly, ear diseases, and laxative.[12,13] graptophyllum pictum is widely used in the treatment of many diseases wound healing it has the property to heal a wound, analgesic (for relieving pain), anti-inflammatory (used to treat inflation), antimicrobial (prevent the growth of microbes), anti-pyretic (maintain body temperature), mensural problems, anti-diabetic activity (to control diabetes), estrogenic effect, nephroprotective activity, immunomodulator activity (it modulate immunity), anti-hemorrhoid activity and many other pharmacological activity.[6] and Graptophyllum pictum contain phytoconstituents are: - alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids[21,22,23] and it also contain some inorganic constituents like calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron.[21,22] Tannin also be applied locally on wounds at the throat and oral cavity, and the later especially in stomatitis. Tannin has a physiological activity against bacteria growth.[16] and as a detoxification agent, tannin can precipitate protein and also form a specific compound interacting with protein and saliva dissepiment[17] to inhibit the attachment of Streptococcus mutans and reducing it.[14] Alkaloid has a physiological activity against bacterial growth.[12,18] Flavonoid is a phenol compound, that can be dissolve in water, and can be extracted by 70% ethanol. Flavonoid has an antiviral characteristic, antibacterial and anti-inflammation character. The general characteristic of phenolic compound is susceptible to increase cell permeability to form a complex compound with protein by hydrogen bond.[20] Graptophyllum pictum extract can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.[19] Description:- it is a caricature plant tropical evergreen shrub. Foliage is Oval shaped, glossy, variegated and leathery. that will grow to 6–9’ tall. Leaves are up to 3-4 inches long and having purple or red tubular flowers with protruding stamens. They bloom in summer.[36]

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