PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES ON THE ROOT OF “FICUS NATALENSIS”

Meghana H. C.*, T. Tamizh Mani

ABSTRACT

Ficus natalensis, a member of the Moraceae family, is widely recognized in African ethnomedicine for its therapeutic value. This study investigates the root of Ficus natalensis, focusing on its ethnobotanical uses, macroscopical and microscopical characteristics, physicochemical properties, and extractive values. Traditionally, the root is employed in the treatment of a range of ailments including respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disorders, reproductive health issues, and for wound healing. Macroscopical analysis revealed that the roots are cylindrical, brown externally, with a woody, fibrous interior. Microscopical examination showed key diagnostic features such as multilayered cork cells, parenchymatous cortex, lignified xylem vessels, and the presence of starch grains and calcium oxalate crystals. Physicochemical evaluations were carried out to determine parameters such as moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and water- and alcohol-soluble extractive values. These values fall within acceptable pharmacopoeial limits, indicating good quality and purity of the plant material. The extractive values suggest the presence of a significant quantity of water- and ethanol-soluble phytoconstituents, which correlate with its traditional medicinal uses. Overall, the study provides essential pharmacognostic and quality control data that support the traditional use and standardization of Ficus natalensis root in herbal formulations, this research provides valuable insights that will benefit researcher in their endeavors.

Keywords: Ficus natalensis, Macroscopy, Microscopy, Physicochemical parameter.