CONGENITAL TUBERCULOSIS IN A NEONATE PRESENTING AS SEPSIS: A CASE REPORT FROM HIMACHAL PRADESH

Dr. Shagun Kaushal*, Dr. Jatin Chauhan

ABSTRACT

Congenital tuberculosis (CTB) is a rare yet severe condition that carries a high risk of mortality. It should be considered in newborns presenting with sepsis, particularly if they do not improve with broad-spectrum antibiotics. We report a case of a 26-day-old full-term female neonate from India who showed symptoms of fever, respiratory distress, and abdominal issues. Despite receiving antibiotics and supportive care, her condition failed to improve, leading to further investigation for CTB. Imaging revealed widespread lesions in the lungs, liver, and spleen, along with abdominal lymphadenopathy. A Genexpert CB-NAAT test on a tracheal aspirate confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA. Fortunately, the neonate responded positively to antitubercular therapy (ATT). Despite thorough investigations, including evaluations of close contacts such as the mother, we could not determine the source of the infection. We conclude that CTB should be considered in neonates with sepsis who do not adequately respond to antimicrobial treatment, especially in regions where tuberculosis is prevalent. Diagnostic methods should include gastric aspirate samples for MTB DNA detection through PCR and a comprehensive assessment of the mother.

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