"BEYOND SULFA: A DEEP DIVE INTO THE MOLECULAR VERSATILITY OF SULPHONAMIDES"

*Sajin K. Abbas, Sanjana P., Sheethal P., Mohammed Fardheen P. and Sakhi E. S.

ABSTRACT

Sulphonamides, known as a group of synthetic antibiotics, have allowed for the development of present-day chemotherapy for 100 years. While sulphonamides have been classified traditionally as antibiotics (the word is considered a 'shared' prefix), they have been demonstrated to have non-antibacterial uses as well, with a wide spectrum of pharmacologic actions including, anti-inflammatory properties, diuretic activity, antidiabetic effects, anticonvulsants, antitumor effects and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Therefore, a thorough pharmacologic assessment of sulphonamide derivatives can delineate their use as medications and potential candidates for drug repurposing relevant to not only antibiotics but also other drug classes or indications. We will focus on recent advances in medicinal chemistry that will encourage one to surge a number of sulphonamide-based compounds with newly designed structures with suitable pharmacologic activities and selectivity. A presentation on pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of resistance, distinctions on accidental ingestion, and toxicity issues as they relate to their use. Ultimately, the hopeful nature of the classical sulphonamides, as well as the newer versions, urge a broader view worth considering reinforcing the relevance of this class of medicines for contemporary drug development. A comparison between the periods 2015-2025 and 2000-2014 have been performed and presented for better understanding of versatility in use of sulphonamides for treatment of ailments other than microbial infections which were the only use presumed formerly.

Keywords: Sulphonamides, Pharmacological profile, anti – microbials.