HEALING PROSPECTS OF NATUL THERAPY (IRRIGATION): INTEGRATING TRADITIONAL UNANI PRACTICE WITH MODERN SCIENTIFIC INSIGHTS

Shamama Usmani*, Asia Sultana and Fakhara Khan

ABSTRACT

Naṭūl is a classical regimenal therapy in Unani medicine that involves the continuous pouring of medicated liquids—such as oils, herbal decoctions, milk, or water—over specific body parts from a controlled height, temperature, and flow rate. Closely aligned with the Ayurvedic practice of Shirodhara, Naṭūl has been traditionally employed in the treatment of neurobehavioral, psychosomatic, gynecological, and musculoskeletal conditions. This review draws from classical Unani texts, including the foundational writings of Ibn Sīnā and Ismā‘īl Jurjānī, as well as contemporary scientific studies, to examine the principles, indications, physiological mechanisms, and modern advancements related to Naṭūl therapy. Classical sources describe Naṭūl as effective in resolving inflammations (Taḥlīl-i-Awrām), correcting abnormal temperaments (Ta‘dīl-i-Sū’-i-Mizāj), strengthening organs (Taqwiyat-i-A‘ḍā’), and enhancing localized drug absorption. Scientific investigations into Naṭūl-e-Ra’s (cranial irrigation) suggest its role in modulating psycho-neuroimmunological responses, including bradycardia, reduced sympathetic tone, neurotransmitter regulation (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline), and improved peripheral circulation—likely mediated by stimulation of the trigeminal nerve and somato-autonomic pathways. Localized applications (Naṭūl-i-Maqāmī), depending on the temperature of the liquid, induce either vasodilation or vasoconstriction, offering targeted therapeutic benefits. Recent innovations, particularly the development of electro-thermal Naṭūl apparatus, have improved the safety, precision, and reproducibility of this ancient practice. These advancements support the integration of Naṭūl into evidence-based, personalized, and integrative healthcare models.

Keywords: Natul, Unani medicine, Shirodhara, neurobehavioral disorders, psychosomatic therapy, traditional medicine.