CANCER OF THE NAILS: NOVEL TECHNIQUES AND PROTOCOLS FOR NAILS CANCER TREATMENT: PRESENT VIEWPOINTS

Harsh Sharda*, Sarfraz Ahmed, Raja Babu, Anjali Negi, Vinita Pandey and Divyanshu

ABSTRACT

Compared to lesions in other areas of the skin, benign or malignant neoplastic lesions are uncommon in the nail area. Even with advancements in diagnostic methods, misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment might cause their diagnosis to be delayed or ignored for days, weeks, or even years. Malignant tumors are unquestionably the most significant lesions since a delayed diagnosis or course of therapy can significantly alter the patient's prognosis. Benign or malignant neoplastic lesions are rare in the nail region as compared to other skin locations. Even with improvements in diagnostic techniques, a patient's diagnosis may be postponed or disregarded for days, weeks, or even years due to a mistake or inadequate treatment. Undoubtedly, malignant tumors are the most important lesions since a postponed diagnosis or treatment plan might drastically change the patient's prognosis. Using careful examination and modern diagnostic methods, including onychoscopy, biopsy, and histopathology, will help identify SCC and prevent the invasive progression. X-ray is important to investigate the bone invasion to determine the best surgical approach that will have satisfying cosmetic and functional outcomes. Nevertheless, local excision with sufficient surgical margins, best if using Mohs surgery, is usually sufficient and superior to amputation of the distal phalanx.

Keywords: benign, malignant, misdiagnosis, neoplastic, diagnostic, lesions, onychoscopy, biopsy, histopathology.