A REVIEW ON NANOPARTICLES IN MEDICINES: A BREAKTHROUGH APPROACH TO TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY

Bhavin D. Pandya and Kashmira J. Gohil

ABSTRACT

The emergence of nanotechnology has significantly advanced the field of drug delivery, offering innovative solutions to overcome longstanding challenges in traditional pharmacotherapy, such as poor bioavailability, systemic toxicity, and non-specific drug distribution. This review explores the role of nanoparticles as a breakthrough approach in targeted drug delivery systems. Various types of nanoparticles including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metallic nanoparticles—are discussed in terms of their design, functionality, and clinical potential. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms by which nanoparticles enhance drug targeting to specific sites, such as tumours and inflamed tissues, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, the review addresses current limitations, including biocompatibility, scalability, and regulatory hurdles, and highlights recent advances that pave the way for the successful translation of nanomedicine into clinical practice. Overall, nanoparticles represent a transformative strategy in modern medicine, holding great promise for personalized, efficient, and safer drug delivery.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, Nanocarriers, Targeted delivery, Theragnostic, Applications.