COMPARISON OF ONSET OF EPINEPHRINE EFFECTS BETWEEN INTRAVENOUS AND TIBIAL INTRAOSSEOUS ADMINISTRATION IN A PEDIATRIC PORCINE MODEL

Don Johnson, PhDa*, Julie G. Hensler, PhDb, Dawn Blouin, BSc and Joseph O’Sullivan, CRNA, PhDa

ABSTRACT

Over one million people died in the wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Syria many of whom were children.[1-4] Currently, thousands of children have died because the horrific events in Israel and Gaza. Also, thousands of individuals die each year because of disasters.[5,6] It is estimated that 15,000 pediatric patients have cardiac arrest just in the United States alone.
Funding: This research was funded by the Tri Service Nursing Research Program, USU Grant Number HU0001-17-2-TS07, USU Project Number N17-B0.

Keywords: Epinephrine, Pharmacokinetics, Cardiac arrest, Intraosseous, Hypovolemia.