GLOBAL AIR QUALITY TRENDS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL AND DEVELOPING NATIONS

Chekwube M. Obianyo*, Victor C. Ezeamii, Onyeka C. Ekwebene, Onoriode A. Eyeghre, Alex N. Egbuchiem, Providence Nwoke and Lilian Okwuonu

ABSTRACT

One of the critical global challenge is air pollution with a clear separation between the industrialized and
developing nations. On one hand industrialized nations have made great effor ts through strict regulations,
technology innovations and environmental policies in reducing air pollution, on the other hand the air quality of
many developing nations continue to deteriorate as a result of rapid urbanization, industrial expansion, and we ak
regulatory frameworks. This work examines the trend in global air quality while comparing key pollutants such as
particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO ₂ ), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ), and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) across industrialized and developing nations. It further explores the health implication of poor air quality
such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and neurological disorders showcasing the disproportionate
burden on the vulnerable population comprising. The p aper further analyses the effect of climate change in
exacerbating air pollution, discussing the societal and economic costs associated with this deteriorating air quality.
The effectiveness of air pollution control measures in nations like the United Stat es, Germany, and Japan and the
challenges in countries like India, Nigeria and Brazil were discussed emphasizing the need for stronger policy
frameworks. Mitigating strategy such as regulatory policies, technological advancements, and community driven
init iatives in addressing air pollution on a global scale was also discussed. The paper concludes that a multifaceted
approach such as cross border collaborations, improved air quality monitoring systems, and the integration of
sustainability policies to balan ce economic growth and environmental health are necessary to combat air pollution
on a global scale and ensure sustainable development.

Keywords: Global Air Quality Trends, Public Health, Comparative Analysis, Industrial Nations, Developing Nations.