NANODIAMONDS: A NEW FRONTIER IN ROOT CANAL THERAPY

Padma Swetha S. and Abdul Mujeeb

ABSTRACT

Ba
ckground: Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a new class of carbon based nanomaterials with exceptional
physicochemical properties that make them a viable material for endodontics and other biological applications.
NDs can be utilised for antimicrobial delivery, mater ial reinforcing, and regeneration capacity because of their vast
surface area, biocompatibility, and functional diversity. Aim: The purpose of this systematic review is to critically
evaluate the body of research on the applications of nanodiamonds in endo dontics, with a focus on their roles in
material reinforcement, drug administration, antibacterial disinfection, and regenerative therapy. Search approach:
Using a combination of relevant keywords, a thorough search was conducted in five main databases: Pu bMed,
Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Included were English language research conducted
from 2005 to 2024. The PRISMA 2020 standards for risk of bias, data extraction, screening, and research selection
were rigorously followed. Re sults: In addition to improving the physico mechanical characteristics of endodontic
cements and sealers and enabling controlled drug release, NDs demonstrated exceptional antimicrobial properties,
particularly against Enterococcus faecalis. Additionally, they encouraged the growth and differentiation of dental
pulp stem cells in regenerative endodontics. In vitro research had a low to moderate risk of bias, while animal
studies indicated some concerns. Conclusion: A versatile and promising way to increase the efficacy of endodontic
treatment is through the use of nanodiamonds. To determine their long term safety, functioning, and efficacy in
clinical endodontics, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are required, despite their encouraging preclinical
mo del results.

Keywords: Nanodiamonds, Systematic Review, PRISMA, Regenerative Endodontics, Antimicrobial Nanoparticles.