THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA – A REVIEW

Y. Shanti Prabha* and T. Bhushan Rao

ABSTRACT

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, commonly known as the "King of Bitters," is a widely recognized medicinal herb in traditional systems such as Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Siddha. Native to South and Southeast Asia, it has attracted growing scientific interest for its broad-spectrum pharmacological activities. Its major bioactive constituent, andrographolide, along with other diterpene lactones, flavonoids, and alkaloids, supports its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties. Recent studies have validated its efficacy against multidrug-resistant pathogens, respiratory infections, and as an adjunct therapy in COVID-19. Additionally, A. paniculata demonstrates significant benefits in managing chronic inflammatory conditions, metabolic disorders, and hepatocellular injuries. This review critically summarizes the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and therapeutic applications related to A. paniculata. It also highlights future research directions necessary to fully realize the clinical potential of this versatile medicinal plant and ensure its standardized and safe utilization.

Keywords: Andrographis paniculata; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; antimicrobial; antiviral; anticancer; immunomodulatory.