PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN HIMALAYAN REGION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META ANALYSIS

Dr. Kanika Khamb and Dr. Mayank*

ABSTRACT

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is an emerging global health concern, associated with various musculoskeletal and non-skeletal diseases. Surprisingly, regions like the Himalayas despite their higher altitudes and abundant sunshine — report high prevalence rates of deficiency. This systematic review aims to assess and synthesize existing evidence on the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among populations residing in the Himalayan region. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for studies published between January 2010 and March 2025. Studies focusing on the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Himalayan populations were selected according to pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively, and a comparative table was constructed. Results: A total of 25 studies were included in the qualitative analysis, with prevalence rates of Vitamin D deficiency ranging from 50% to 85% across different Himalayan subregions. Significant contributing factors include limited sun exposure due to cold weather, traditional clothing, dietary habits, and geographical isolation. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent across various populations in the Himalayan belt. Given the potential health implications, public health interventions including supplementation and food fortification are urgently required.

Keywords: Vitamin D, Himalayan, deficiency, sunlight, Himachal