BURDEN OF ANEMIA AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN INDIA: EVIDENCE FROM A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Dr. Kanika Khamb and Dr. Mayank*

ABSTRACT

Background: Anemia is a prevalent yet underrecognized health issue among the elderly, particularly in developing countries like India. Its consequences include functional decline, increased morbidity, and mortality. This review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of anemia among the elderly population (≥60 years) in India. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, IndMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library up to February 2025. Studies reporting the prevalence of anemia in Indian elderly populations were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to compute the pooled prevalence, with subgroup analyses by setting, gender, and hemoglobin estimation method. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics, and publication bias via funnel plot and Egger’s test. Results: Out of 1,787 records screened, 22 studies involving 10,381 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of anemia among elderly Indians was 68.3% (95% CI: 60.7%–75.9%), with high heterogeneity (I² = 92.4%). Prevalence was higher in rural (73.4%) than urban settings (61.2%), and among females (70.4%) compared to males (62.8%). Studies using more accurate hemoglobin estimation methods reported higher prevalence. Conclusions: Anemia affects over two-thirds of the elderly in India, with substantial variation across regions and demographics. These findings highlight the need for routine screening, improved nutritional support, and targeted interventions in elderly health programs.

Keywords: Anemia, Elderly, India, Prevalence, Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis.