NASAL MANIFESTATIONS OF GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS: A CLINICAL REVIEW

Dr. Aakriti Basandrai, Dr. Priyanka Bhatia and *Dr. Ashish Kumar

ABSTRACT

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis, is a rare autoimmune vasculitis characterized by granulomatous inflammation and necrotizing vasculitis of small- to medium-sized vessels. The nasal cavity is one of the most frequently involved sites and often presents as the first manifestation of disease. This review explores the clinical features, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic approaches for nasal involvement in GPA. A literature review was performed to synthesize current understanding of the disease. Findings suggest that nasal crusting, epistaxis, septal perforation, and saddle nose deformity are among the most common symptoms. Diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion, positive ANCA serology, and confirmatory histopathology. Immunosuppressive therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment, with surgical interventions reserved for structural complications. Prompt diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach can improve patient outcomes.

Keywords: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis; vasculitis; saddle nose deformity; immunosuppressive therapy; nasal biopsy; necrotizing granuloma.