ACNE VULGARIS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANAGEMENT, AND EMERGING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

Omkar Chavan*, Sushant Patil and Siddhesh Gaikawad

ABSTRACT

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological disorders, affecting approximately 85% of adolescents and a significant number of adults. It is a multifactorial disease characterized by the interaction of increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, Cutibacterium acnes colonization, and inflammation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, classification, and clinical presentation of acne, while highlighting current treatment strategies including topical agents, systemic therapies, hormonal treatments, and novel therapeutic approaches such as light-based technologies and phytotherapy. Special emphasis is placed on emerging therapies and the growing concern of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the psychosocial impact of acne and the importance of individualized, evidence-based treatment plans are discussed. Advancements in acne research continue to evolve, offering promising alternatives to traditional therapy and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords: Acne vulgaris, Propionibacterium, Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, Treatment.