A REVIEW ON THE ROLE OF 1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE HYBRID SCAFFOLDS IN ANTIDIABETIC DRUG DEVELOPMENT

Ashitha Sivadas K.*, Shilpa Sathish K. and Meera Rajendran

ABSTRACT

Heterocyclic compounds, especially those with heteroatoms like oxygen and nitrogen, make up a substantial share of drugs on the market today. Among these, the aromatic heterocycle 1,3,4-oxadiazole, featuring an N=C=O linkage, is particularly notable for its impressive biological activities. Oxadiazole is a five-membered heterocyclic organic compound containing two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom in its ring. Currently, diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in almost every country, and its prevalence and importance are rising as a result of changing lifestyles characterised by a decline in physical activity and an increase in obesity. Between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, type 2 is regarded as one of the disorders with an increasing prevalence worldwide. As a result, the most crucial public health goals are appropriate treatment options for type 2 diabetes. The ability to lower fasting blood glucose levels, increase insulin sensitivity, and improve glucose tolerance has all been demonstrated by oxadiazole hybrids. The antidiabetic effects of oxadiazole are mediated through the modulation of molecular targets like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and GSK-3β, all of which play a key role in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. This review discusses various 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potential agents for targeting anti-diabetic activity.

Keywords: Oxadiazole, antidiabetic, Targets, Diabetes.