PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ACUTE TOXICITYSTUDY OF XYLOPIA VILLOSA (ANNONACEAE) BARKS STEMS OF AQUEOUS AND HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACTS

Kouame Yao Yves*, Okpekon Aboua Timothée, Yapi Houphouët Felix, Gbassi Gildas, Assi Yapo Jean, Kouakou Yeboue Koffi François

ABSTRACT

Xylopia villosa is a plant whose barks stems and ground seeds were used in treatment of cold, headaches, ulcers and boils. This study aims to determine secondary metabolites and acute toxicity parameters of Xylopia villosa barks stems of aqueous and hydroethanolic crude extracts in female Wistar rats. The phytochemical screening performed, revealed that both extracts contain alkaloids, polyphenols, leucoanthocyanins, saponins, flavonoids, sterols and polyterpenes. However there are no quinones and tannins (catechin and gallic) in these extracts. With regard to parameters, we obtained 2000 mg / kg body weight (bw), 281.83 mg / kg bw and 275 mg / kg bw indicating successively the lethal dose 100 (LD100), lethal dose 50 (LD50) and tolerated maximum dose with aqueous extract. The hydroethanolic extract of Xylopia villosa barks stems administered by intraperitoneal route at dose 5000 mg/kg of bw caused no morbidity and lethality. This result indicated the LD50 of hydroethanolic extract is higher than 5000 mg / kg bw. According to Global Harmonized Classification System (SCGH), hydroethanolic extract of this plant is hardly toxic.

Keywords: Phytochemical screening, Xylopia villosa, Secondary metabolites, Acute toxicity, lethal dose, Côte d’Ivoire.