NANOPARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN THE TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Putta Rajesh Kumar*, Sowjanya P., Shivaleela U., Meena N., Poojitha P. and JVC Sharma

ABSTRACT

Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial Neurodegenerative central system disease with a high prevalence among the elderly and is the most common form of dementia. lt is characterized by gradual mental failure, abnormal cognitive functioning, personality changes, diminished verbal fluency and speech impairment. Alzheimers's are consider the most debilitating as they cause memory and cognitive loss, as well as severely affecting basic physiological conditions such as the ability to move, speak and breathe. Deposition of the amyloid beta plaques has been identified as the most common alzheimer's disease pathology; however the excessive accumulation of phosphorylated or total tau proteins reactive oxygen species, and higher acetylcholinesterase activity are also strongly associated alzheimer's dementia. The nanoparticles (NPS)mediated drug delivery systems improve drug solubility and bioavailability thus genders as superior alternatives Nanoparticles can cause acute toxicity damaging cellular and tissue architecture therefore nanoparticle material should be carefully selected. Additionally, several risk factors such as head injuries, vascular diease, infections increasing age genitic factors and environmental play a role in the diease Tradional anti-alzheimer drugs such as acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors help improve memory and attention defictits. Although none of the existent compounds or drug can completely arrest the disease's progression, nanocarrier development of anti-alzheimer drugs could help delaying the initial or late stages of neurodegeneration. The discovery of new and more complex nanosystems with multiple apporaches in alzheimer disease treatment is needed. currently there are only two classes of approved drugs to treat alzheimer disease, including inhibitors to cholinesterase enzyme and antagonists to N- methly D-aspartate (Nmda), where they are effective only in treating symptoms of alzheimer disease, but do not cure the disease. In this review discusses currently available drugs and future therapies foe alzheimer disease such as disease modifying therapeuties (DMT), chaperones.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, Blood- Brain Barrier, Amyloidal protein, Dementia, Neurodegenerative disease, Nanoparticles.