INSOMNOLENCE: A REVIEW ON THE SLEEP DISORDER

Dr. Sethuramani A.*, Raxshiya Smily J., Sasi Kumar A., Saranya S. and Ajith P.

ABSTRACT

Sleep is the essential process for the biological activity of the human. The „GOOD‟ sleep at night will make the day with full of energy and refreshment. Sleep will regulate the physiological and psychological function of the mind and body. There are many mechanisms involved to regulate the sleep. Nevertheless, many disorders are occur in the sleep and wake cycle which affect the homeostasis of the living organism. The major disorder of sleep is „insomnia‟. Insomnia is both the disease and disorder. It literally means „lack of sleep at bedtime‟. Types of insomnia are of primary and secondary insomnia. There are about 33% to 50% of adult population are affected by insomniac condition. The BZD receptor agonist benzodiazepine (BZD) agonist melatonin is sometimes prescribed to patients suffering from insomnia along with orexin receptor antagonists like doxepin to treat insomnia. When patients take orexin receptor antagonists instead of BZD receptor agonists, they may experience somnolence, fatigue, and drier mouths. While pharmacotherapy and psychological interventions remain important, CAM has gained popularity in the last two decades. Several gene-related studies have been conducted on sleep disorders.

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