CARDIOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF TERMINALIA CATAPPA (ETHANOL LEAVE EXTRACT) IN AUGMENTIN-INDUCED WISTAR RATS

Erigbali P. P.*, Arhoghro E. M., Sule O. J. and Chilaka N. J.

ABSTRACT

Over the years, the sustained high and leading rate of mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally has been a source for research concern, thus this investigation considered cardioprotective potential of ethanol leave extract of Terminalia catappa in an experimental rat model of augmentin - induced cardiac damage. Random male wistar rats weighing within 150 and 200 grams were designated and administered as follows; A Group, B Group both administered 10ml/kg normal saline, C Group and D Group administered low dose (200 mg/kg) and high dose (400 mg/kg) of the extract respectively. E Group received 200 mg/kg dose of Vitamin E from day 1 to day 14. B, C, D and E Groups were then administered 30 mg/kg bwt of Augmentin daily by oral route on the 15th to 21st days. All the animals, 6 in each group were sacrificed on day 22, and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture for analysis, using standard protocol to analyze lipid profile. 2g of heart portion was used to prepare the homogenates for lipid peroxidation profile (TBA) and antioxidant analysis. The results showed that in the Augmentin treated rats, there was significant increase in concentrations of Cholesterol - TC (104.9±10.8), Triglyceride - Trigs (8.7±0.52), Lactate dehydrogenase - LDH (46.6±1.9), Creatine kinase - CK (45.7±2.04) and a non-significant increase in the lipid peroxidation, TBA (4.2±0.11) compared to normal control (A group). There was a significant decrease in concentration of HDL (32.3± 2.16) in B group relative to rats in A group. Meanwhile, treatment with 200mg/kg bwt and 400mg/kg bwt of Terminalia Catappa extract showed a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent decrease in serum concentration of TC (76.9±7.85 and 70.5±4.41), Trigs (6.8±0.37 and 5.9±0.37), LDH (25.2±2.14 and 11.6±5.12), Ck (24.5±1.42 and 9.5±1.43), and a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent increase in serum concentration of HDL (43.3 ±1.48 and 50.5±1.23) respectively, relative to the Augmentin-treated B groups. The results also shows that Augmentin caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the activities and functions of antioxidant enzymes in positive control relative to normal rats groups; SOD (3.7±1.06), GSH (2.3±0.51) and CAT (2.3±0.41) . However treatment with Terminalia Catappa doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively showed a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent increase in the Antioxidant enzymes and functions as follows; SOD (5.9±1.28 and 8.6±1.62), CAT (3.4±0.26 and 4.1±0.14), GSH (4.1±0.69 and 4.4±0.31) and a non-significant decrease in the lipid peroxidation values, TBA (3.2±0.67 and 3.3±0.09), compared to Augmentin treated group. These findings are indication that ethanol leave extract of Terminalia Catappa may have constituents that potentially offer Cardio - protective benefits for Wistar Rats exposed to Augmentin-induced cardiac damage.

Keywords: Terminalia Catappa, CVD, Antioxidant, Augmentin, lipid profile.