PROSTAGLANDINS: AN OVERVIEW

Dr. Virendra Kushwaha*, Dr. Pooja Agrawal, Dr. Harsh Vekaria, Dr. Arka Das, Dr. BK Shoraisham and Dr. Brijesh Pathak

ABSTRACT

Prostaglandins are bioactive lipid compounds derived from fatty acids and are important signalling molecules in the human body. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors known as prostaglandin receptors. These receptors are integral to a wide range of physiological processes, including inflammation, pain perception, blood flow regulation, and reproductive functions. There are several types of prostaglandin receptors, classified into various families, including EP, FP, DP, IP, and TP receptors. Each type of receptor responds to specific prostaglandin subtypes. The activation of prostaglandin receptors triggers intracellular signalling cascades, ultimately leading to diverse effects, such as vasodilation, vasoconstriction, inflammation, and pain perception. In inflammation, prostaglandins promote vasodilation, making blood vessels wider to allow immune cells to reach the affected area, resulting in redness and swelling. They also contribute to pain perception by sensitizing nerve endings. Prostaglandins are crucial for regulating blood pressure and blood clotting. Some types cause vasoconstriction, while others cause vasodilation. This balance affects blood pressure. In reproductive health, prostaglandins play a key role in uterine contractions during menstruation and labour. Understanding the interactions between prostaglandins and their receptors is essential for developing targeted therapies and medications. Medications that either stimulate or inhibit specific prostaglandin receptors can be used to treat various medical conditions. Many research had been carried out to develop and make use of prostaglandin analogues to treat various diseases. But with the changing era and advancement in technology, more emphasis on research and development is required for the benefit of health care system.

Keywords: Prostaglandins, eicosanoids, biosynthetic pathways, Prostanoid Receptors.