MOLECULAR LEVEL PHYSIOLOGY OF TUMOR AND DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF TUMOR TARGETING

Hrishikesh Sarma*, Sheikh Sofiur Rahman, Santa Sarma and Khyatirupa Sarma

ABSTRACT

Tumor targeting strategies aim to combat the complex and heterogeneous nature of cancer by focusing on the molecular level physiology of tumors. Tumor development involves a series of genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal cells, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation, evasion of cell death, angiogenesis, and invasion. Dysregulation of key signaling pathways involved in cell cycle control, apoptosis, DNA repair, and angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth and progression. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment, composed of immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix components, significantly influences tumor behavior. Targeting tumors at the molecular level necessitates the implementation of diverse strategies. One approach focuses on targeting specific molecular alterations within tumor cells. Small molecules and monoclonal antibodies can be utilized to inhibit oncogenic signaling pathways or induce tumor cell death. For example, targeted therapies have emerged as effective options for tumors harboring specific driver mutations, such as the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in certain types of lung cancer. Nanotechnology-based approaches have also shown promise in tumor targeting. Nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver therapeutic agents selectively to tumor cells, minimizing off-target effects and enhancing drug efficacy. These nanoparticles can be designed to release drugs in response to specific stimuli present in the tumor microenvironment, further enhancing targeted therapy. Understanding the molecular-level physiology of tumors provides critical insights into the mechanisms underlying tumor development and progression. Various strategies, including targeted therapies, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and nanotechnology-based approaches, are being investigated for tumor targeting. The development of precise and effective tumor-targeting strategies holds significant potential for improving cancer treatment outcomes and patient survival.

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